A trade remedy is any additional tariffs beyond the ad valorem tariff (general duty rate) the United States imposes on imports from foreign countries.

Section 301 is a tariff of 25% or 7.5% for most (but not all) goods from China.

• Section 232 on steel and aluminum is 25% on certain steel and aluminum articles, and 25% on the steel and/or aluminum content (depending upon which list they are on) for steel and aluminum derivatives outside of chapters 73 and 76.
• Section 232 was also used to implement the 25% tariff on automobiles and certain automotive parts.

These are a new tariff imposed under the authority of Section 232. You can view the Federal Register notice with the list of tariff codes here.

IEEPA is The International Emergency Economic Powers Act. It is a law that grants the President broad authority to regulate economic transactions in response to an unusual and extraordinary threat to U.S. national security, foreign policy, or economy.

• Yes. It was first used in February 2025 to impose a 10% tariff on all goods from China and Hong Kong. That 10% increased to 20% on all goods from China and Hong Kong in March 2025. In March 2025 it was used to impose a 25% (10% for select products) on all goods from Canada and Mexico. An exemption to the additional tariff was enacted on March 7^th, allowing goods that qualify under USMCA to avoid the IEEPA duties on Canada and Mexico.
• IEEPA was also used to impose the reciprocal tariffs announced Wednesday April 2^nd, 2025. It imposes a baseline 10% on all countries except the ~60 named by the government. Those named countries will receive tariffs of 20% or higher.

The reciprocal tariffs were imposed by the President through an executive order signed April 2^nd, 2025. It is imposed using the authority of IEEPA, and it imposes a baseline 10% on all countries except the ~60 named by the government. Those named countries will receive tariffs of 11% or higher. Tariffs on named countries begin April 9^th, 20205, while countries not named (not including the named countries) go into effect April 5^th. See Annex I for the list of countries named with specific rates.

The reciprocal tariffs do not apply if the good falls under Section 232 for either steel & aluminum or the automotive tariffs. There are also further exemptions, such as copper, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, lumber articles, certain critical minerals, and energy and energy products, listed under Annex II. Goods covered under future trade remedies are also excluded from the reciprocal tariffs.

The President signed an executive order which imposed a new tariff. “On or after April 2, 2025, a tariff of 25 percent may be imposed on all goods imported into the United States from any country that imports Venezuelan oil, whether directly from Venezuela or indirectly through third parties.  Duties imposed by this order will be supplemental to duties on imports already imposed pursuant to IEEPA, section 232 of the Trade Expansion of 1962, section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, or any other authority.

Buckland is watching the Federal Register daily for an additional official notice with more details about which countries are affected and when the 25% tariff will begin being collected. We do know that China is the largest importer of Venezuelan oil, so it is almost certain China will face the additional 25% tariff.

They are additive with all trade remedies except the reciprocal tariffs. If the Section 232 automotive tariffs apply, the reciprocal tariffs do not apply.

Currently, China faces many trade remedies, including Section 301 duties on most products from China, Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum, IEEPA duties on all goods from China, automotive duties on all automobiles and most automotive parts, and reciprocal tariffs.

You can go to the White House website directly where Presidential Actions are listed. You can then click the tabs at the top for Executive orders or Proclamations.

The Annex lists referenced in executive orders are included when the executive order is published in the Federal Register. You can access the Federal Register at this link.

Once a Federal Register notice is published, CBP will often issue Guidance in the form of a CSMS (Cargo Systems Messaging Service) message. They can be found at this link.

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